Results on characterisation of mulberry genetic resources

In the Deliverable ARACNE_D1.4-Report-on-the-collected-mulberry-samples, we present a comprehensive evaluation of vegetative and reproductive traits using standard mulberry descriptors, for the CREA, Vratsa, IMIDA and UM mulberry germplasm collections. Leaf descriptors and phenological evaluations were documented by the institutions during the first year of the ARACNE project. The evaluations conducted in 2024 and in vegetation season 2025 focused on other descriptors, specifically trunk, shoot, and bud characteristics, together with a detailed assessment of reproductive structures (inflorescences and infructescences). These data provide deeper insight into the diversity of morphotypes within the collections. In parallel, phenological monitoring was carried out in the second year and continuous in the third year of the project to observe and record seasonal changes and developmental stages of the trees, offering a foundational understanding of their growth cycles and reproductive patterns. This extended observation period enables the calculation of multi-year averages and the application of advanced statistical analyses, providing a more robust understanding of the data. It also supports the identification of the most informative vegetative and reproductive traits and the definition of distinct morphotypes which, together with genetic analyses, will guide future research and conservation strategies.

In the final year of the ARACNE project, these efforts are currently culminating in cataloguing and characterizing the morphological and genetic diversity present across the participating countries, reinforcing the project’s commitment to preserving and enhancing European mulberry genetic resources.